I interned at an observatory as an undergrad, which was a similarly fun position. Plenty of opportunity to architect tons of smaller services or tools or contribute to open source astronomy libraries. Just about every facet of computer science was used in one way or another, and I got a taste for almost all of it. Databases, networking, front and back end, real-time computing, among others. The only thing I didn't really learn was how things work in the corporate world, with BAs and product owners and bureaucracy.