I don't think you're understanding how cryptography works. A commitment is basically a hash that is both binding and hiding. In this example it's probably easiest to think of it as a hash. So you hash your post-quantum public key (something like falcon-512) and then sign that hash with your actual bitcoin private key (ecdsa, discrete-log, not quantum safe) and then publish that message to the bitcoin network. Then quantum happens at some point and bitcoin needs to migrate but where do funds go? Well you reveal the post-quantum public key and then you can prove that funds from the ecdsa key should go there. From a technical perspective, this is a complete and fool proof system. DoSing isn't really a concern if you publish to the actual bitcoin network and it's impossible for someone to use up the key space (2^108 combinations at least).
The reason this is a dumb idea is because coordination and timing. When does the cutover happen? Who decides which transactions no longer count as they were "broken" b/c of quantum computing? The idea is broken but not from technical fundamentals.
The DoS attack in this scenario is someone just submitting reasonable-looking but ultimately bad precommitments as fast as possible. The intuition is that precommitments must be hard to validate because, if there was an easy validation mechanism, you would have just used that mechanism as the transaction mechanism. And so all these junk random precommitments look potentially legitimate and end up being stored for later verification. So all you have to do to take down the system is fill up the available storage with junk, which (given the size of bot networks and the cost of storing something for a day) seems very doable.
If the question is storage, bitcoin itself provides a perfectly good mechanism. idk the exact costs but it'd be in the range of ~$0.45 to store a commitment. That's cheap enough to enable good users with small numbers of keys but also expensive enough to prevent spam. It's kind of the whole point of blockchains.
As for verification being expensive, it sounds like you don't know the actual costs. It's basically a hash. Finding the pre-image of a hash is very expensive to the point of being impossible. Verifying a pre-image + hash function = a hash is extremely cheap. That's the whole point of 1-way functions. Bitcoin itself is at ~1000 EH/s (exahashes per second)
Again, this isn't a technical problem. It's a coordination problem.
This whole scheme fails if an attacker can manage to delay a transaction for a day, and if the commitment also commits to a particular transaction fee, then the user trying to rescue their funds can’t easily offer a larger transaction fee if their transaction is delayed. But if the commitment does not commit to a transaction fee, then an attacker could force the transaction fee to increase arbitrarily.
Maybe the right strategy would be commit, separately, to multiple different choices of transaction fee.
It's definitely a middle ground, but PR reviews, are not perfect. So it's easy to miss a lot of things and to have a lot of extra baggage. From reviewing code it's not always easy to tell exactly what's necessary or duplicate. So I agree, this is a middle ground of using LLMs to be more productive. Removing one bad line of code is worth adding a hundred good lines of code.
The difference between a government and a corporation is the ability to use violence. A government is just a corporation with a monopoly on violence (police, military, jails...). The structure of how people are organized is more significant. Are we talking about a dictatorship or a functioning democracy? Are we discussing a non-profit or a publicly listed company?
Corporations have a profit motive, governments theoretically may not. Also, read about the history of the East India Company. In no way do corporations abstain from using violence, historically, and at times they have held a du jour monopoly on the use of it.
Governments have murdered over one hundred million people over the last few centuries through war and forced famines. Corporations don't even enter that conversation given the scale difference.
Napoleon's government alone murdered more people than all corporations combined have throughout all of history. And that's a revered historical figure that routinely gets fawning movies made about him, there are obviously worse examples. Mao's government murdered several times more than Napoleon did.
It's not a practical possibility. The black hole wouldn't last long and would be too small to actually absorb anything. It's the equivalent of asking if a nuke would set the atmosphere on fire.
Even a "large"ish primordial black hole would probably just pass straight through the Earth without anyone noticing.
Remember that Strange matter is only dangerous assuming a specific range of values for its surface tension, otherwise it's harmless and doesn't catalyze the conversion of normal matter into Strange matter.
I'm not sure. Somewhere around 10^12 kg of initial mass would be evaporating today (1). So perhaps there is no meaningful minimum, only a minimum initial mass. If it's just about to evaporate, it could perhaps be arbitrarily small. Earth is ~10^25 for reference.
If the court system can try kids as adults for their heinous crimes, then the "should've known better" reasoning doesn't stand up. Plus she went to fancy schools, and was highly educated. She already "knew" better than most people living in the US.
They both should have gotten longer jail sentences, their convictions should have been about the people she harmed with her machines. Instead it was all about how she and Balwani mislead/ripped off their investors (who didn't even do their own work in due diligence).
Now Balwani is serving at a Club-Fed prison. The $452 million restitution she's been slapped with? Just for investors, it seems. Can anyone find an article that states actual people being victims? Nearly all news reports say the restitution is for "victims", but then the victims are just Safeway, Rupert Murdoch, Walgreens... etc.
There is no justice here. Not in the ruling, not in the sentencing, not even for real people. "Being wiser" or "older" is just a BS made-up reasoning. Let's at least not sugar coat why she got less of a ruling than Balwani. It's enough of an insult to those who were actually affected to have seen how this all played out.
Yes, they used these employees statements to establish wrongdoings that Theranos committed... for the sole purpose of proving that the investors were defrauded. Not for people who had incorrect results, who then had to make hard life decisions based on it, not to mention the emotional trauma that this can inflict.
By "victims", I meant it in the context of the restitution. None of that half billion dollars that she owes goes to these people. All the articles I've read say she has to pay her victims in the title. But if you read the articles closely, they just say it's to pay back investors.
I understand your questioning of the situation but I think its pretty clear. She was not convicted of anything related to patients or their results so of course they are not her victims.
Programmers just move up the stack with some staying behind to manage the edge cases and optimizations in the underlying tech. Same thing happened with the move to cloud.
It's unclear which jobs with be enabled with more productivity vs replaced completely.
Many other places have solved this problem. San Francisco has relatively low population density compared even when only looking at US cities. NYC is very livable.
It's in CA best long term interest to support as many people as possible. Remote work isn't going to solve the problem that someone who works at Walgreens cannot afford to live within 20 mi of the city.
I think cryptographic AI will become a reality. The use-case I was thinking is more of immortality/digitizing human consciousness. If you could be uploaded (like the show Upload), what would that actually look like?
Well, plain text representation would just be too dangerous. Companies could mine your consciousness, duplicate it at will or whatever else they wanted. It's a scary thought. FHE provides the solution.
The reason this is a dumb idea is because coordination and timing. When does the cutover happen? Who decides which transactions no longer count as they were "broken" b/c of quantum computing? The idea is broken but not from technical fundamentals.
reply