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People have different risk exposures and different risk appetites. If you're a corn farmer then your entire livelihood is tied to the price of corn. You're willing to give up expected value to reduce risk by selling futures and there are others who are less exposed to corn prices who are willing to take the other side of that trade.


FWIW for my comment I essentially used your code and cleaned up compiler-generated imperative code.

So yes it used the fact that it only recursed to n-1 but did not use any optimizations related to booleans. And looking at other examples can see general principles. You store a data structure for each function which acts as a cache. For example, suppose you said even(0) = True, even(1) = False, and even(n) = even(n - 2), then one way would to unroll it would be to use a size 2 ring buffer as a cache.


Here's how I would write the loop version of this. It does involve an optimization since we know parity only depends on n - 1.

  #include <algorithm>
  
  template <typename T>
  bool even(T n)
  {
      bool is_even{true}, is_odd{false};
      for (; n--;)
      {
          std::swap(is_even, is_odd);
      }
      return is_even;
  }


I was there until the end. It was definitely fading into obscurity but still had >50% of peak numbers. And we were switching to C++ in the last year or so.


There is actually already a Scheme interpreter implemented in Rust (https://github.com/mattwparas/steel) which has the same name for the exact reasons you stated.


Veterans Affairs? Virginia?


Virtual Assistance.


Maybe virtual assistant?


There is a professor who was at Wisconsin, Charles Manski, who developed partial identification, which uses tons of these decompositions.

Idea is let's say you have a binary survey question where 80% respond and 90% of them respond "yes". What can we say about population "yes" rate (assume sample size is huge for simplicity)?

P(Yes) = P(Yes | response) * P(response) + P(Yes | no response) * P(no response) = 0.9 * 0.8 + P(Yes | no response) * 0.2 = 0.72 + P(Yes | no response) * 0.2

Then 0 <= P(Yes | no response) <= 1, so 0.72 <= P(Yes) <= 0.92. This example is somewhat trivial but it's a useful technique for showing exactly how your assumptions map to inferences.


https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-155

You absolutely can get charged for trading in a similar company.


Interesting, hadn't heard of that one before. With some digging this appears to be the first case where they have ever charged someone for "shadow trading" like this. And it is still making its way through the courts. Definitely will be following that.


This is another situation where I am literally dumbfounded at the actions of the indicted. How are you smart enough to know what options are and how to buy them but stupid enough to think that you won't get caught making such a blatant trade?

It's like these people think they're the first ones to ever come up with the idea of trading on privileged information so there's no way they'll get caught.


Reminds me of the Kairos retreats popular in Catholic high schools. I went to one and it was pretty intense and not in a forced way. Basically 4 day group therapy.


It is still a thing, at least in Brazil afaik. My cousin went to one these retreats the other day, he tried to convince me to go with him but I don't like those. He said it was really intense and very "close to god".


Most trades through a brokerage don't make it on an exchange. They're internalized by a wholesaler like Citadel Securities. Which is the reason for the question.


This is what CAT was built to address https://www.catnmsplan.com/

you send your order to your broker/dealer, they send it to their OMS, which sends it to Citadel, who sends it to their internalisation engine..

All of these messages, including order Identifiers to create the linkages are sent to FINRA.

So your broker sends order "123ABC" to Citadel, FINRA gets this and can trace your order back up and down the "stack" however they want.


Ah cool, are the internalized orders reported publicly anywhere or are they just sent to the SEC/FINRA?


They still have to report to tape. You can’t really hide exchange listed stock trades.


These types of orders are sent as "crosses" where "citadel" reports they are both the "buyer" and "seller".

As an example, according to the NYSE FIX Spec, this is 54 (Side) = 8 (Cross).

This is how they are able to "internalise", by crossing retail flow vs their house account.

CATNMS https://www.catnmsplan.com/ helps with this.


I haven’t touched compliance in a long time. I tho they have to report to tape, not as a cross. They always have to report due to Manning rules.

Also, the trades were done prior to CAT. I suspect it’s from Blue Sheets.


Well, prior to CAT they had OATS, which has been around for a very long time, but was only "top level" messages (not a deep trace into the stack).

If you combine crosses with OATS you can still get some of the data you are looking for, just not as cleanly as with CAT.


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