The momentum analogue for Langevin is known as underdamped Langevin, which if you optimize the discretization scheme hard enough, converges faster than ordinary Langevin. As for your question, your guess is as good as mine, but I would guess that the nonconvexity of AI applications causes problems. Sampling is a hard enough problem already in the log-concave setting…
Does this really require stochastic calculus to prove? This should just be a standard integration, based on the fact that the expected number of samples required for fixed A being 1/(1-A).
Yep, Whink brand rust remover is 4% HF. It's a somewhat useful source of hydrofluoric acid in a pinch. I recall a procedure for making uranium tetrafluoride from uranium trioxide (which in turn was extracted from uranium ore) using that brand of rust remover as the acidic fluoride source.
For a specific example of something like this being important, remember the (very impressive) Watch for Rolling Rocks in 0.5 A presses video from a couple years ago? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpk2tdsPh0A (For the uninitiated, this video presents a TAS of Super Mario 64 which beats the level Watch for Rolling Rocks without pressing the A button outside of keeping it held from entering the level.) It turns out that the route presented in the video actually fails console verification, since the crazy things he does trigger some annoying FPU crashes on console, but not on emulator. There is a happy end, though: a fixed route was published after this was discovered, and it passes console verification just fine (assuming the inputs dont desync over the 13 hour run)
We had plenty of evidence that a deterministic primality testing algorithm exists, though. The Miller-Rabin test was known to be randomized polynomial time since the 70s, and assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis it can be made deterministic polynomial.
And while there was some nuemerical evidence that the Polya conjecture was false, there really wasnt all that much evidence that the conjecture was false. The first counterexample is around 9 billion-- you could find it yourself if you wanted.
Magnesium will only burn when heated to near its melting point of ~400 C, and thermite can only be set off at temperatures that would melt aluminum. Shipping them together is not an issue, unless the aluminum and iron oxide are freely dispersed in air.
From a practical point of view, the only semi-common thermites that can actually explode are copper and silver. However, these thermites do not "detonate" as in the definition. They merely deflagrate extremely quickly, quickly enough to fool an observer but not in the true physical sense.
I carried out two rounds of thermite "experiments", both times using oxides of iron, manganese, and copper. I witnessed two "explosions" (I now presume deflagrations) and they occurred with the copper oxide. I've occasionally wondered if that was a coincidence that it was the same metal that "exploded" both times. Mystery solved: apparently not!
Alternatively, the three components for gunpowder can be bought very cheaply and nigh-untraceably from hardware stores: potassium nitrate is stump remover, sulfur is used to reduce the pH of soils for gardening, and charcoal can be made from pyrolyzing wood in your backyard.
