Those are just two ends of a spectrum. There are plenty of ways to address this. Personally, I'd immediately end the drug war (thus massively alleviating single-motherhood in black communities) and look into changes to divorce/alimony law and the family court system. Ending the aforementioned subsidies referenced by the OP would be massively beneficial as well. Unfortunately there are a lot of entrenched interests associated with everything I've just mentioned, so barring some sort of catastrophe, I suspect a cultural/social approach (e.g. stigmatization) is likely to be the most immediate and realistic place to start.