CDC rolls up data they get from vital stats - but that rolled up product pretty sparse; it's not much more than in the WaPo article:

- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/suicide/rates_1999_2014....

If they (WaPo) had included CDC instead of the "Federal Health", it might have been easier for you to find?

If you are generally interested in the topic, there are many other "factoids" and scattered data sets. Here are a couple:

  - https://www.statista.com/topics/791/suicide/
  - https://ourworldindata.org/suicide/