Maybe some of them, like in tight loops. But the most difficult code to understand for me is Matlab scripts written by physicists, naming variables a,b,c or i,ii,iii etc. Variables with longer lifespan should have more explicit names in my opinion.
There's a spectrum of how 'local' a variable is though. There's a big difference between a local variable whose uses span ~5 lines vs. ~30 lines. You're making a trade-off between repeating information (what the variable is) and forcing the reader to keep in their own (human) memory what each variable is for (or else forcing them to constantly go back and re-discover what the variable is for).
Go sometimes gets a lot of flak for its style here (partially because it's sometimes misapplied) but I think it works pretty well: it's fine to use a short non-descript variable name like `a` if its uses only span a few (~5-10) lines (or other certain special cases like `i`, `j` for loop indexes), otherwise use longer descriptive names.
This sounds more a problem about your total number of local variables than their names. If you have too many variables, using longer names is not going to help you as much as organizing your code differently.
