You don't need to jailbreak a new version of iOS. You can just use the existing jailbroken phone (on an older version of iOS) to install the latest version of the Telegram app, and then verify it.
Yes, eventually you'll be unable to install the latest versions of some apps on your increasingly-older-by-the-day version of iOS, but presumably some recent-enough version of iOS is jailbreakable at all times.
Still you could download the latest Telegram that you suspect on a new, patched phone, disconnect it from the network so it doesn't auto upgrade and keep it that way until a jailbreak is available.
At this point (attacks can only be done against users of the newest versions of the OS, and you still risk getting caught, squandering the whole operation) I say I cannot see how it is worth it.
(I think it's not likely to be the case but if we are going all the way then it is what it is.)