This is independent of what FORTRAN does. The problem with the "restrict" keyword in C99 is that introducing it can make otherwise correct code incorrect and the compiler can't tell you.

As to program analysis, programming languages without pointer arithmetic have it a lot easier than languages with. The pair (array, index) holds more information than the address of array[index]. For example, it is trival to perform array bound checks if you have the former information, but very hard if you deal with arbitrary pointers. Pointer arithmetic loses information.

In C restrict says in this function assume pointers don't alias. Which may or may not be true. This gives the library author a hard choice to make: limit usefulness or performance.

Fortran for the longest time(introduced in 90) didn't have pointers so there was no aliasing possible. With pointers in Fortran you have to specify what they may alias so the problem is much easier.(note: I have read about it but never actually worked in Fortran so I may be wrong.)