There is an excellent refutation of the Chinese room argument that goes like this:
The only reason the setup described in the Chinese room argument doesn't feel like consciousness is because it is inherently something with exponential time and/or space complexity. If you could find a way to consistently understand and respond to sentences in Chinese using only polynomial time and space, then that implies real intelligence. In other words, the P/NP distinction is precisely the distinction underlying consciousness.
The only reason the setup described in the Chinese room argument doesn't feel like consciousness is because it is inherently something with exponential time and/or space complexity. If you could find a way to consistently understand and respond to sentences in Chinese using only polynomial time and space, then that implies real intelligence. In other words, the P/NP distinction is precisely the distinction underlying consciousness.
For more, see:
https://www.scottaaronson.com/papers/philos.pdf