It changes whether depositors give banks their deposits in the first place.

Of course it does - you just put your money with whatever fraudster offers the highest interest, when the gravy train eventually stops, well its no loss to you. See also: Icesave.

You want individuals to investigate for signs of fraud before making deposits at chartered US banks? Shouldn’t the chartering agency monitor that?

Individual still get their 250k.

I mean, did svb offer higher rates/lower costs than average banks? If yes, depositors of more than 250k have to take a haircut, proportional at what was left in the bank (and honestly it seems like all deposit were backed, so even if founds aren't available now, there will be no losses)