Why is a buyout even the only option? Just find new management. Keep it in the family. Turn it into a co-op. There’s also such as a thing as community businesses, apparently.
Sometimes people want to exit. They want to retire, move onto a new chapter of their lives and not be involved in the business anymore.
Finding new management doesn't allow that - they can take on the day to day, but you still own the place and are ultimately responsible.
Keeping it in the family isn't an option if you don't have family that want it. If you have multiple family members that want it, you can give it to one and probably cause conflict, or you can have them share management/ownership of it and probably also cause conflict.
Turn it into a co-op? What if the owners have no idea how to do this? What if they don't want to?
Why should people who have created a business not be allowed to sell it and cash out? Why can't they get a payoff for their investment and move on? The solutions you're proposing are all about the community and totally ignore the actual people who spent years of their life getting the business going and probably took meaningful financial risk to do so. Why should we just ignore their desires and tell them what they're allowed to do with their business?
Well, fine. So maybe banning M&As is not the right way. But what is, then? Because the problem is real and severe, and it's also just another case of a more general problem - how to stop the market from creating a class of specialists gaming a single metric?
It's prevalent everywhere you look. As you say, M&As let small business owners retire or move away, without being prisoners of their own business. But the failure mode is companies being built with exit in mind, existing to be flipped - this is doing huge damage to the markets and peoples' lives right now.
Or take housing: it's nice that individuals have a way to sell their house and recover some of the money and effort put into it, when their kids leave the nest, or they retire, or they just want to move to some other location. But the failure mode of this is flipping - people and companies who buy properties, "improve" them to maximize resale value, whether the "improvements" make any sense or not for future tenants, and sell them to various actors. This creates a huge distortion on the real estate market, to the point that housing is now built for flipping, not for living.
(There's also a secondary and equally socially bad effect of owners opposing anything whatsoever that could lead to drop in (growth of) housing prices in their area.)
Or take finance: it's not hard to see the failure modes created by professional finance class, that's busy optimizing money flows in isolation from everything they relate to in the real world.
Or, take corporate management, and the rise of MBA class: specialists in running business as an abstract profit-generating machine, in complete isolation of what the business does and means in the real world.
Etc. etc.
This is the big problem I think we're facing: stopping over-optimization.
