> in Neuro there's plenty of this but often one learns how to catch it before using it in your own research, even if it never becomes a matter of public scrutiny.
And what happens when it is caught, it is just quietly ignored by the field, right? How often are there retractions?
Depends on the situation. If no one cites it then it drifts into obscurity quickly. If it was actually cited frequently it leads to an investigation of work by all authors on the paper along with a retraction.
And what happens when it is caught, it is just quietly ignored by the field, right? How often are there retractions?