1. Thread Switching: • Hardware Mechanisms: Specific circuitry used for rapid thread context switching. • Context Preservation: How the state of a thread is saved/restored during switches. • Overhead: The time and resources required for a thread switch. 2. Memory Latency and Hiding: • Prefetching Strategies: Techniques to load data before it’s actually needed. • Cache Optimization: Adjusting cache behavior for optimal thread performance. • Memory Access Patterns: Sequences that reduce wait times and contention. 3. Parallelism: • Dependency Analysis: Identifying dependencies that might hinder parallel execution. • Fine vs. Coarse Parallelism: Granularity of tasks that can be parallelized. • Task Partitioning: Dividing tasks effectively among available threads. 4. Multithreading Models: • Static vs. Dynamic Multithreading: Predetermined vs. on-the-fly thread allocation. • Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT): Running multiple threads on one core. • Hardware Threads vs. Software Threads: Distinguishing threads at the CPU vs. OS level. 5. Data Structures: • Lock-free Data Structures: Structures designed for concurrent access without locks. • Thread-local Storage: Memory that’s specific to a thread. • Efficient Queue Designs: Optimizing data structures like queues for thread communication. 6. Synchronization Mechanisms: • Barrier Synchronization: Ensuring threads reach a point before proceeding. • Atomic Operations: Operations that complete without interruption. • Locks: Techniques to avoid common pitfalls like deadlocks and contention. 7. Stall Causes and Mitigation: • Instruction Dependencies: Managing data and control dependencies. • IO-bound vs. CPU-bound: Balancing IO and CPU workloads. • Handling Page Faults: Strategies for minimal disruption during memory page issues. 8. Instruction Pipelining: • Pipeline Hazards: Situations that can disrupt the smooth flow in a pipeline. • Out-of-Order Execution: Executing instructions out of their original order for efficiency. • Branch Prediction: Guessing the outcome of conditional operations to prepare.

There are some of the complications related to barrel processing