The "standard linter" in Go is https://golangci-lint.run/ , which includes [1] the absolutely-vital errcheck which will do that for you.
For an Advent of Code challenge you may want to turn off a lot of other things, since the linter is broadly tuned for production, public code by default and you're creating burner code and don't care whether or not you have godoc comments for your functions, for instance. But I suggest using golangci-lint rather than errcheck directly because there's some other things you may find useful, like ineffassign, exportloopref, etc.
I highly recommend using Go with linters... but then, I highly recommend using any language with all the lint-like support you can get from the very beginning of any project, so I wouldn't read too much into that.
For an Advent of Code challenge you may want to turn off a lot of other things, since the linter is broadly tuned for production, public code by default and you're creating burner code and don't care whether or not you have godoc comments for your functions, for instance. But I suggest using golangci-lint rather than errcheck directly because there's some other things you may find useful, like ineffassign, exportloopref, etc.
I highly recommend using Go with linters... but then, I highly recommend using any language with all the lint-like support you can get from the very beginning of any project, so I wouldn't read too much into that.
[1]: https://golangci-lint.run/usage/linters/