I was not challenging your conclusion, just not sure it's against China or the USA, both possible, right?
as for the thought exercise...
I have to say that the only way for the EU to be 'independent' is for it to be sanctioned by either China or the US.
For example, since 2000, China has attempted to develop its domestic chip industry with hundreds of billions of dollars, but this effort never materialized until chip sanctions were imposed under the Trump and Biden administrations
btw, i don't think this will come true:
> China says, 'Okay, I will put duties on the parts, chips and batteries you're buying from me.'
it's very unlikely that China will actively limit export for products, it harms more to China itself, it's more possible to limit export for resources like rare metals
as for the thought exercise...
I have to say that the only way for the EU to be 'independent' is for it to be sanctioned by either China or the US.
For example, since 2000, China has attempted to develop its domestic chip industry with hundreds of billions of dollars, but this effort never materialized until chip sanctions were imposed under the Trump and Biden administrations
btw, i don't think this will come true:
> China says, 'Okay, I will put duties on the parts, chips and batteries you're buying from me.'
it's very unlikely that China will actively limit export for products, it harms more to China itself, it's more possible to limit export for resources like rare metals