In theory, I believe the US is signatory to international treaties that say they will not make someone stateless. In practice, it probably depends on whether they can get any other country to accept you as a deportee.
They can also do it while you're abroad, and then it doesn't matter if the other country accepts you or not. The problem is wholly on your shoulders.
A notable case is Shamima Begum's: born in London, the UK deprived her of British citizenship, claiming that she anyhow had Bangladeshi citizenship (but she hasn't: the Government of Bangladesh said as much). Anyhow, since all of this time she has been in Syria, this is not really a problem for either the UK or Bangladesh.
