You pull the images you want to use, preferably with some automated process, then push them to your own repo. And anyways use your own repo when pulling for dev/production. It saves you from images disappearing as well.
There is Sonatype Nexus. A bit annoying to administer (automated cleanup works every time, 60% of the time), but supports most package formats (Maven, npm, NuGet and so on) alongside offering Docker registries, both hosted and proxy ones. Also can be deployed as a container itself.
